Cyber-Physical Systems in Industrial Control: A Comprehensive Review for Industry 4.0
Md Akib Zaved *
School of Electronic Information Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) transform industrial control by combining physical processes with smart computing for Industry 4.0. This paper reviews CPS architecture, which includes physical, cyber, and communication layers. The physical layer uses sensors and actuators to collect data and control machines. The cyber layer processes data with analytics and AI for decision-making. The communication layer connects systems using protocols like OPC UA and 5G networks. Applications in smart manufacturing, energy systems, and process control show CPS benefits. Smart factories use CPS for predictive maintenance to reduce downtime. Energy systems improve grid stability with real-time monitoring. Process control enhances safety and reduces waste in chemical plants. Challenges include cybersecurity risks, interoperability issues, and scalability limits. Cyberattacks can disrupt production or compromise safety. Future solutions involve artificial intelligence, edge computing, and 5G networks. These technologies enable autonomous systems, faster data processing, and better connectivity. This review highlights CPS’s role in building efficient, resilient, and sustainable industrial systems (Alur, 2015; Alguliyev et al., 2021).
Keywords: Cyber-physical systems, industrial control, industry 4.0, automation, cybersecurity, interoperability, scalability